RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a adesão autorrelatada dos pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares ao uso de novos anticoagulantes orais e identificar os fatores relacionados à adesão a esses medicamentos. Método: estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal, com paciente ambulatorial. A coleta de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de adesão, por meio da Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos, ocorreu por telefone. Empregaram-se análises descritiva, de correlação e de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: participaram do estudo 120 pacientes em uso de novos anticoagulantes há 32,3 meses, em média. Mais da metade da amostra era de mulheres, inativas profissionalmente, com média de idade de 70,1 anos e renda familiar média de 6,7 salários mínimos. O escore médio de adesão foi de 5,7, em um intervalo possível entre 1 e 6, indicando adesão medicamentosa. Situação empregatícia inativa, sexo feminino, maior renda familiar e acompanhamento em ambulatório público relacionaram-se à maior adesão a esses medicamentos. Conclusão: os pacientes apresentaram elevada adesão aos novos anticoagulantes. Situação empregatícia, sexo, renda familiar e tipo de acompanhamento ambulatorial relacionaram-se à adesão medicamentosa, devendo ser considerados no delineamento de intervenções para esse público.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the self-reported adherence of patients with cardiovascular diseases to the use of new oral anticoagulants and to identify factors related to adherence to these drugs. Method: This is a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study, carried out with outpatients. The collection of sociodemographic, clinical, and adherence data, through the Measurement of Adherence to Treatments, was made through telephone calls. Descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used. Results: A total of 120 patients using new anticoagulants for 32.3 months, on average, participated in the study. More than half of the sample consisted of women, who were professionally inactive, with a mean age of 70.1 years and a mean family income of 6.7 minimum wages. The mean adherence score was 5.7, in a possible range between 1 and 6, indicating medication adherence. Inactive employment status, female sex, higher family income, and follow-up at a public outpatient clinic were related to greater adherence to these medications. Conclusion: The patients showed high adherence to new anticoagulants. Employment status, sex, family income, and type of outpatient follow-up were related to medication adherence, and should be considered in the design of interventions for this public.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la adhesión autorrelatada de los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares al uso de nuevos anticoagulantes orales e identificar los factores relacionados a la adhesión a esos medicamentos. Método: estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, con paciente ingresado. La recolección de datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de adhesión, por medio de la Medida de Adhesión a los Tratamientos, ocurrió a través del teléfono. Se utilizaron el análisis descriptivo, correlacional y de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: participaron del estudio 120 pacientes que utilizaron nuevos anticoagulantes por 32,3 meses, aproximadamente. Más de la mitad de la muestra estuvo compuesta de mujeres jubiladas, con edad promedia de 70,1 años y remuneración familiar promedia de 6,7 sueldos mínimos. El score promedio de adhesión fue de 5,7, dentro de un período posible entre 1 y 6, lo que indicó adhesión farmacológica. Conclusión: los pacientes presentaron elevada adhesión a los nuevos anticoagulantes. Situación laboral, sexo, renta familiar y tipo de acompañamiento en ambulatorio estuvieron relacionados a la adhesión farmacológica, debiendo ser considerados en la delineación de intervenciones para ese público.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A rutina é um flavonoide que pode ser encontrado em grande variedade de vegetais e apresenta atividades anticâncer, anti-inflamatória e antidiabética. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da administração oral de rutina sobre a hiperplasia hepática em ratos Wistar submetidos à hepatectomia parcial. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada a análise da hiperplasia hepática e da bioquímica plasmática dos ratos Wistar tratados com rutina 40 mg/kg por 10 dias no grupo 1 (G1) ou salina no grupo 2 (G2), seguido da hepatectomia parcial. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram aumento do número de mitoses após 24 e 48 horas (P=0,0022 e P=0,0152, respectivamente) da hepatectomia parcial no grupo que recebeu rutina, além de um aumento nos níveis séricos de AST após 24 horas (P=0,0159) e 48 horas (P=0,0158) e de fosfatase alcalina após 24 horas (P=0,015) no mesmo grupo, em relação aos respectivos controles. O grupo que recebeu rutina mostrou variação mais evidente do que o grupo controle quando se comparou os resultados de 24 horas e 48 horas em relação a AST, número de mitoses e número de apoptoses (P<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível concluir que a rutina interferiu na hiperplasia hepática após 24 e 48 horas após a hepatectomia parcial, favorecendo a hiperplasia hepática.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rutin is a flavonol glycoside that can be found in a wide variety of vegetables and has activity, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of rutin oral administration on Wistar rats submitted to hepatic hyperplasia after partial hepatectomy (PH). METHODS: To achieve this, we considered the analysis of hepatic hyperplastic and plasma biochemical activity of Wistar rats, subjected to treatment with rutin 40 mg/kg/day for 10 days in group 1 (G1) or saline in group 2 (G2), followed by partial hepatectomy. RESULTS: The results indicated an increase in the number of mitoses after 24 hours and 48 hours (P=0.0022 and P=0.0152, respectively) of PH in the group that received rutin, as well as an increase in AST serum levels after 24 hours (P=0.0159) and 48 hours (P=0.0158) and alkaline phosphatase after 24 hours (P=0.015) in the same group, in relation to the respective controls. The group that received rutin showed a more evident variation than the control group when comparing the 24 hour and 48 hour results regarding AST, number of mitoses and number of apoptosis (P<0.005). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that rutin intervened in hepatic hyperplasia after 24 hours and 48 hours of PH, favoring hepatic hyperplasia.

Abstract Purpose Coleus forskohlii Briq., a medicinal plant originally from India, has been indicated against heart disease, expiratory disorders, convulsions, and hepatic changes, among others. In view of the broad pharmacological potential of the plant and the scarce information about its effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of its use for pretreatment of partially hepatectomized rats. Methods The animals were divided into two experimental groups: Control (CG) receiving physiological saline for 10 days before partial hepatetctomy, and Treated (TG) receiving 40 mg Coleus forskohlii/kg/day for 10 days before partial hepatectomy. The treatments were performed by gastric gavage. After the surgical procedure, treatment was continued according to the following groups: CG 24 h, CG 48 h, TG 24 h, and TG 48 hs, and liver tissue and intracardiac blood samples were obtained for histological and biochemical analysis, respectively. Results No significant differences were observed in mitotic or apoptotic index or in the concentrations of the enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase, and no areas of fibrosis were detected. Conclusion Treatment with Coleus forskohlii did not interfere with the course of hepatic hyperplasia.

Abstract Micronutrient deficiency is a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. A survey conducted over the last decade has shown that approximately half of all Brazilian preschoolers have iron-deficiency anemia, representing a severe public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological attributes and especially the iron level of a fortifying mixture (FM) containing pork liver prepared in powder form. Centesimal composition, fatty acids, minerals and microbiological evaluation were determined. The results obtained showed that this is a product of good microbiological quality with a high protein (47.34%) and lipid (28.29%) content. Monounsaturated fatty acids represented 8.13% of the total fatty acids, the main one being oleic acid (C 18:1 ω9) at 7.57%, corresponding to 93.22% of the total monounsaturated fatty acids. Regarding mineral content (5.18%), the FM proved to be an important source of iron (23.8 mg/100 g), also containing expressive amounts of other minerals, zinc in particular (9.97 mg/100 g). The results showed that FM has characteristics that make it an excellent fortifying food to be used in school meals mainly in soups, creams, cooked meats and especially in beans, a preparation that is already part of the Brazilian food habits since childhood.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of capsiate treatment on hepatic hyperplasia in partially hepatectomized rats. Methods: The animals were divided into a Capsiate group (CPH), a Capsiate Post-Partial Hepatectomy group (CPPH) and a Partial Hepatectomy Control group (PH). CPH and CPPH animals received 60 mg/kg/day Capsiate for 30 days. Next, the rats underwent partial hepatectomy. CPPH animals continued to receive treatment for 48 h after partial hepatectomy. Liver tissue and intracardiac blood samples were obtained 24 or 48 h after PH. Results: Capsiate treatment interfered with hepatic parameters, reducing the number of mitoses and apoptosis and increasing blood ALT and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Conclusion: Capsiate treatment preceding hepatic surgery may compromise the initial period of postoperative recovery.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of lycopene and resveratrol pretreatment on hepatic hyperplasia in partially hepatectomized rats. Methods: The lycopene group and the resveratrol group received 40 mg/kg/day of lycopene or resveratrol, respectively (dissolved in olive oil or in saline solution, respectively) and administered via a gastric tube for 30 days. The partially hepatectomzed (PH) control groups received saline or olive oil via a gastric tube for 30 days, respectively, and the normal control group received no treatment. Liver tissue and intracardiac blood samples were obtained 24, 36 or 48 h after PH. Results: No areas of fibrosis were detected. No significant changes in mitotic index, in the number of apoptosis events or in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were observed. Conclusions: Lycopene and resveratrol pretreatment did not interfere on hepatic hyperplasia in partially hepatectomized rats.

ABSTRACT Quercetin has potent antioxidant action and a hepatoprotective role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of quercetin pretreatment in paracetamol-induced liver damage (PILD) and structural injury resulting from partial hepatectomy (PH). In the first model, Wistar rats received oral quercetin (50mg/kg/day) during 8 days. On the 8th day, 3g/kg paracetamol were added. In the second model, the same quercetin dose was given during 7 days and rats were submitted to PH on the 8th day. Blood samples were obtained for determination of enzyme levels. Liver, heart, kidney and lung tissue were also collected for assessment of quercetin biodistribution and/or histological analyses. The results obtained after PILD were more pronounced at 24 hours, as reflected by the reduction of serum ALT levels and by the lower concentration of quercetin in liver at this time point. Quercetin also had a protective effect in groups submitted to PH, as shown by decreased ALT levels after 18 hours, and of AST levels after 18 and 36h. The reduction in serum AST and ALT levels suggest that treatment with quercetin is useful as a preoperative pharmacologic measure and for prevention of liver damage caused by drugs.

Abstract The cereal bars are products globally accepted and consumed by all age groups. In this study, by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the effects of different concentrations of inulin, acacia gum and sorbitol in the characteristics of hardness, color and water activity of cereal bars were studied. A total of 17 experiments being 8 factorials, 6 axials and 3 repetitions at the central point were performed. The regression model presented for the hardness was significant indicating that the quantities of inulin, acacia gum and sorbitol affect the hardness of the cereal bars. Referring to color it was observed that the less inulin and more sorbitol, the more yellow the tone of the bars was. The results of water activity were not influenced by the ingredients. In a comprehensive assessment through the RSM, the bars coming from the treatments 5 and 11 provided the best results and when submitted to sensory evaluation they were not statistically different. Although these bars have presented reduction of 15 to 20% in calorific value, according to the DRC 54/2012 they cannot be considered products with a reduced caloric value. These bars also presented considerable level of soluble fiber (more than 3% inulin).

AbstractIron deficiency is a highly prevalent nutritional problem worldwide and it impacts on the cognitive development of children. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop meatloaf with high iron content by using in their formulations pork liver. Meatloaves were prepared with additions of 9.98% and 13.31% (formulations A and B) of pork liver in order to meet 15% and 20% of the daily requirement of iron (10 mg/day) for children. Samples were evaluated regarding their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The results were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. Results of physicochemical analyses showed an increase in protein and mineral contents and a decrease in fat content. The iron and zinc contents were respectively 100.0% and 70.83% (formulation A) and 152.73% and 97.92% (formulation B) higher than that of the standard formulation. Regarding fat content, the reduction of 31.5% in formulation B makes it a light product. As for the microbiological aspect, all meatloaves were adequate for consumption. Regarding sensory analysis, all the attributes considered were not statistically different, but for purchase intention test formulation B was better accepted. Therefore, formulations A and B are good sources of iron and zinc.

RACIONAL: A perda de peso e a desnutrição podem ser desencadeadas por vários fatores, além de estar relacionada com o tipo de doença e com a terapia empregada. OBJETIVO: Investigar a ocorrência de perda de peso e fatores relacionados, durante a internação. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 456 pacientes hospitalizados, sendo estudadas as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, doença, evolução de peso, tipo e aceitação da dieta prescrita. Para comparar o peso entre os três primeiros dias de internação e para o estudo dos fatores que interferiram na alteração do peso, foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas. Para comparar a proporção de respostas na aceitação da dieta, foi utilizado o método das Equações de Estimação Generalizadas (EEG), com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A dieta mais prescrita foi a geral (28.8%) e 45.5% dos pacientes perderam peso durante a internação. A aceitação da dieta hospitalar melhorou do 1º para o 3º dia de internação (p=0.0022), mas mesmo assim, a perda foi significativa (p<0.0001). Verificou-se que a idade e o tipo de dieta prescrita não influenciaram na perda de peso no período; mas, o tipo de doença e o sexo, apresentaram influência nos pacientes portadores de neoplasias (p=0.0052) e o sexo masculino (p=0.0002) apresentou mais perda de peso. CONCLUSÃO: A perda de peso no decorrer da internação foi relacionada apenas ao sexo e ao tipo de doença.

BACKGROUND: Weight loss and malnutrition may be caused by many factors, including type of disease and treatment. AIM: The present study investigated the occurrence of in-hospital weight loss and related factors. METHOD: This cross-sectional study investigated the following variables of 456 hospitalized patients: gender, age, disease, weight variation during hospital stay, and type and acceptance of the prescribed diet. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing patients' weight in the first three days in hospital stay and determining which factors affect weight. The generalized estimating equation was used for comparing the food acceptance rates. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The most prescribed diet was the regular (28.8%) and 45.5% of the patients lost weight during their stay. Acceptance of hospital food increased from the first to the third days of stay (p=0.0022) but weight loss was still significant (p<0.0001). Age and type of prescribed diet did not affect weight loss during the study period but type of disease and gender did. Patients with neoplasms (p=0.0052) and males (p=0.0002) lost more weight. CONCLUSION: Weight loss during hospital stay was associated only with gender and type of disease.

Curcuma longa é uma erva aromática, pertencente à família Zingiberaceae e seus rizomas contêm pigmentos curcuminoides, dentre eles a curcumina, conhecida por seu efeito anti-inflamatório. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter extratos ricos nestes pigmentos, desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de formulações tópicas e realizar o estudo da penetração cutânea. Extratos de Curcuma longa foram obtidos e utilizados no desenvolvimento de formulações. A penetração e retenção cutâneas de pigmentos curcuminoides foi avaliada em pele de orelha de porco, utilizando célula de difusão de Franz modificada. As formulações de gel creme preparadas que continham ureia foram instáveis e as demais apresentaram estabilidade satisfatória e comportamento reológico pseudoplástico. A quantidade de pigmentos curcuminoides encontrada na solução receptora foi insignificante, enquanto que a quantidade retida na pele foi superior a 20 µg/g de pele. Concluiu-se como possível o desenvolvimento de formulações tópicas contendo curcumina ou extrato de Curcuma longa, conciliando a adição de adjuvantes para a preservação e maior durabilidade da mesma. As formulações promoveram a penetração da curcumina limitada às camadas superiores da pele, possivelmente sem o risco de ocorrência de ação sistêmica sendo possível a sua utilização para ação local com atividade anti-inflamatória.

Curcuma longais a ginger family aromatic herb (Zingiberaceae) whose rhizomes contain curcuminoid pigments, including curcumin, a compound known for its anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to obtain curcuminoid-rich extracts, develop topical formulations thereof, and assess the stability and skin permeation of these formulations. Curcuma longa extracts were obtained and used to develop formulations. Skin permeation studies were conducted in a modified Franz diffusion cell system, and skin retention of curcuminoid pigments was quantified in pig ear membrane. Prepared urea-containing gel-cream formulations were unstable, whereas all others had satisfactory stability and pseudoplastic rheological behavior. The amount of curcuminoid pigments recovered from the receptor solution was negligible. The skin concentration of curcuminoid pigments retained was positive (>20 µg/g of skin, mostly in the stratum corneum), considering the low skin permeability of curcumin. We conclude that development of topical formulations containing curcumin or Curcuma longaextract is feasible, as long as adjuvants are added to improve preservation and durability. The formulations developed in this study enabled penetration of curcumin limited to the superficial layers of the skin and then possibly without a risk of systemic action, thus permitting local use as a topical anti-inflammatory.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensory assessments of identical cosmetic formulations with and without fragrance to investigate not only the acceptance but also how different fragrances affected their attributes, such as skin feel, tackiness and spreadability. Three gel and three cream formulations with and without two types of fragrance, fennel and sweet flowers, were assessed for various attributes. The presence and type of fragrance used affected the testers' perception of some attributes, showing that the influence of this component should not be disregarded. Apparently, a consumer's reaction to a cosmetic product is not only based on its efficacy but also on how its attributes are perceived, such as appearance, skin feel and smell.

The objective of this work was to assess the activity of the extract of Anacardium occidentale Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus and then to develop cosmetic formulations from those extracts. These formulations were stable in relation to their pH and rheological behavior, but were gradually darkened when stored for assessment at temperatures between 40 and 60ºC. Thus, even though the extract appeared a promising raw material for use in cosmetic formulations, those compounds might still require adjustments to improve the stability.

A prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo tem sido um dos principais focos dos produtos dermocosméticos. A própolis contém substâncias com atividade antioxidante, bem como o acetato de tocoferila é conhecido por apresentar esta atividade. Porém, a própolis apresenta odor muito característico e intenso, que pode interferir no sensorial do produto. Assim, no presente trabalho, obteve-se o extrato de própolis, que foi associado ao acetato de tocoferila em uma formulação de uso tópico, que foi avaliada quanto à estabilidade e às características sensoriais. Conduziu-se um estudo de estabilidade, no qual as formulações contendo ambos os compostos apresentaram escurecimento gradual e ligeira queda no pH após 28 dias sob 60 °C, tendo sido estável no estudo reológico. Na análise sensorial, realizada com 28 provadores, a formulação contendo extrato de própolis em associação com acetato de tocoferila foi a preferida, quando comparada com o creme base e o creme contendo somente extrato de própolis ou acetato de tocoferila. Em conclusão, devido à preferência dos provadores e ao estudo de estabilidade, a associação de extrato de própolis e de acetato de tocoferila mostrou ser promissora para uso em produtos dermocosméticos.

The prevention of skin aging has been one of the main aims of cosmetic products. Propolis and tocopheryl acetate can be promising substances because of their antioxidant properties. In this study, propolis extract was obtained and associated with tocopheryl acetate in a cream formulation, which then underwent stability and sensory assessment. The formulation containing propolis extract and tocopheryl acetate proved to be stable in the preliminary stability study, demonstrating gradual darkening and slight pH decrease when subjected to 60ºC for 28 days, but showing stability on rheological study. In the sensory analysis, the formulation containing these two components was preferred by the product testers over the base cream and creams containing propolis extract or tocopheryl acetate alone. In conclusion, given the stability of the formulation and the preference of the product testers for this formulation, this association proved promising for use in cosmetic formulations.

O trabalho aborda a aplicação dos métodos de biofísica no estudo de eficácia de produtos dermocosméticos. A qualidade de um produto cosmético engloba a segurança de seu uso, a estabilidade da formulação, o aspecto, o sensorial e a sua eficácia. As técnicas de biofísica têm sido amplamente empregadas na avaliação do efeito de formulações dermocosméticas, principalmente devido ao fato de possibilitarem a avaliação de produtos em suas reais condições de uso, ou seja, na pele humana. A comprovação dos efeitos de produtos cosméticos e a elucidação de seu mecanismo de ação por meio de protocolos experimentais devidamente elaborados, que utilizem as técnicas de biofísica da pele, dentre outras, tornam-se de fundamental importância e, assim, a serem amplamente exploradas e ainda bastante desenvolvidas, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida dos usuários de tais produtos.

The authors consider the application of biophysical techniques in the study of cosmetics effectiveness. The quality of a cosmetic product includes the safety of its use, the formulation stability , the visual and other sensorial aspects, and its effectiveness. The biophysical techniques have been widely used in the evaluation of the effect of formulations of topical use, mainly due to the fact of facilitating the evaluation of products in its real use conditions, that is to say, directly in the human skin. The confirmation of the effects of cosmetic products and its action mechanism, by means of experimental protocols properly elaborated using the skin biophysics is of fundamental importance. It should be thoroughly explored and quite developed seeking the improvement of the life quality of users of such products.